ISSN (Print) - 0012-9976 | ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846

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Backward Castes Census: An Outmoded Idea

While backward castes need to be profiled, the census is not the best method to do so. For, objective data is difficult to come by due to the concept of caste changing according to the context and the impossibility of enumerating small but significant changes when attempting to take a large, overall picture.

Merits of Mandal II

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY Merits of Mandal II The controversial proposal to institute reservations for the other backward classes (OBCs) in institutions of higher and professional education

Backward Caste Politics in Uttar Pradesh

The several political parties espousing the cause of the backwards in UP have played a part in reconfiguring the political agenda in the country and providing a platform for transformative politics. But on important issues, the performance of the backward movement in the state has been less than satisfactory. It has failed to address the issue of 'backward identity' and has been unable to develop a class politics.

The 'Creamy Layer'

Several times in post-independence India, questions have been raised on reservations and whether its true benefits have percolated to sections that really need them. The reality is that reservations have served essentially as tools to absorb privileged sections of the lower castes into the ruling classes. Moreover, the politics of caste 'identity' also founded on reservations, has helped push real economic problems facing the poor away from the centre stage.

BJP and Reservations

The issue of reservation has more often than not formed an important electoral issue for every party, especially on election eve and the BJP has not been an exception to this. But its harping on the 'economically backward classes' has meant a complete about-turn from the politics of 'Kamandal vs Mandal' that it preached through most of the early 1990s.

Other Backward Classes: Then and Now

Recent decades have marked a notable shift in the backward class movement marked by a move away from the clamour for kshatriya status towards a demand for greater access to state resources, representation in civic institutions and state recognition of numerous sub-caste identities that exist at a local level. With the issue of reservation acquiring a greater salience in electoral politics, however, the question remains whether the other backward classes as a category for public policy in contemporary India is still a measure for social and educational empowerment or has it dovetailed to a mere political trump card.

Reservations within Reservations

The UP exercise of creating quotas among the backwards and the dalits may have been motivated by the election politics of the BJP trying to salvage its image in the state, but it nevertheless defines the new and important political trajectory that is likely to be drawn in other states, such as Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Punjab, as well. The articulation of the interests of the dalit sub-castes, progressively marginalised is to be expected.

Moments in a History of Reservations

Though the subject of reservations has figured prominently in public debates ever since the recommendations of the Mandal Commission Report were sought to be implemented in 1991, there has been very little discussion by the beneficiaries of reservations. This paper looks at some of the more significant historical, constitutional and legal moments in the evolution of a reservations policy in India.

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