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The Effect of Extensive and Intensive Margins on Income from Crop Production

Vol. 58, Issue No. 1, 07 Jan, 2023
Meghna Dutta, Niladri Sekhar Dhar

The determination of factors influencing income from crop production remains crucial in understanding and mitigating stagnation in agricultural income. However, the calculation of income from cultivation is difficult owing to a dearth of available data on costs causing studies to rely on policies or indicators that generate biases. This paper uses field survey data from eight villages in Bihar to identify the determinants of crop income. It explores different aspects of agrarian production processes to identify two major groups of crop income determinants: the extensive margin and the intensive margin.

COVID-19 and the Everyday Challenges of Indigenous Peoples of Tripura

Vol. 56, Issue No. 47, 20 Nov, 2021
Biswaranjan Tripura, Thomas Malsom

Although there were some responses from the government and community sociocultural organisations to deal with an unforeseen crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic, it brought enormous challenges in the everyday life of indigenous peoples of Tripura. In this article, the everyday challenges faced by the rural indigenous peoples of Tripura during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the immediate response by the government and community sociocultural organisations are unravelled.

 

Agrarian Structure of Punjab in the Post-green Revolution Era

Vol. 56, Issue No. 40, 02 Oct, 2021
Akihiko Ohno, Koichi Fujita, Kamal Vatta

While Punjab is endowed with population bonus from a macro perspective, the dividend viewed at a household level has placed Punjab farmers in two major difficulties: the shrinkage of farm size and the underutilisation of the dividend. Due to a dearth of decent non-farm job opportunities, Punjab farmers have struggled to pursue distress-coping strategies. This paper focuses on three primary strategies for survival: land leases, overseas migration, and obtaining informal domestic jobs outside the agricultural sector, based on our unique data of 956 landholders and 254 landless households across Punjab.

 

Government Policies Drive Farmers to Penury

Vol. 56, Issue No. 38, 18 Sep, 2021

Ironically, agricultural households now earn “more” income from wages than from crop farming.

 

Importance of Landowning Non-cultivating Households

Vol. 51, Issue No. 25, 18 Jun, 2016
Chitrasen Bhue, R Vijay

There is an increasing importance of landowning households that do not cultivate and a significant presence of urban households owning rural land, which constrains the growth of the agrarian economy, as such households have low incentives to invest in agriculture, and tend to use land for residential purposes, reducing the cropped area. Agricultural labour households tend to lease in land and become cultivators.

Doubling Farmers' Incomes by 2022

Vol. 51, Issue No. 18, 30 Apr, 2016
S Chandrasekhar, Nirupam Mehrotra

How realistic is the objective of the Government of India to double the income of farmers by 2022? Is there a precedent? From estimates of change in income of agricultural households over the period 2003-13, this article suggests what needs to be done to achieve a doubling of real incomes. A focus on income from cultivation alone will be inadequate. Policy aimed at increasing net income from animal farming will be key.

Hybrid Rice in Tamil Nadu

Vol. 38, Issue No. 25, 21 Jun, 2003
Aldas Janaiah, C Ramasamy, K N Selvaraj, M Hossain

Nine years after release of the first rice hybrid, its adoption rate in Tamil Nadu was found to be too meagre and scattered to measure its impact. The present study aimed at documenting farm-level insights into why hybrid rice has not made a dent on the rice sector in Tamil Nadu. Results show that there was not much progress made over the past decade in terms of developing farmer-acceptable rice hybrids and achieving the higher yield gains through hybrid rice under farmers' field condition in Tamil Nadu.

Hybrid Rice in Andhra Pradesh

Vol. 38, Issue No. 25, 21 Jun, 2003
Adlas Janaiah

Andhra Pradesh was the first state in India to develop and release two rice hybrids during the 1993-94 dry seasons. Hybrid rice technology was projected as the harbinger of another rice revolution in the state, as the yield potential of existing varieties was declining. However, the initial experiences of farmers who grew hybrid rice in the state indicated that it was not profitable relative to existing modern varieties. Recently, scientists have claimed that the initial experiences of hybrid rice cultivators are no longer relevant as many new rice hybrids of better quality were developed and marketed by the late 1990s. The current study tests, the widely propagated hypothesis that these new rice hybrids have been accepted by farmers in Andhra Pradesh.

Vietnam's Experience with Hybrid Rice

Vol. 38, Issue No. 25, 21 Jun, 2003
Adlas Janaiah, Mahabub Hossain, Tran Thi Ut

Vietnam is the only country in the humid tropics in Asia where the rate of hybrid rice adoption has been growing. What are the distinct factors responsible for this unique development in hybrid rice R and D in Vietnam - which has similar agro ecological, political, socio-economic and institutional features as China? Would hybrid rice adoption be sustained in the long run in Vietnam? This paper reviews the development of hybrid rice in the country in the context of the development of the overall rice economy. It reports the findings of a sample farm household survey on the profitability of cultivating hybrid rice over the inbred high-yielding varieties.

Hybrid Rice in Bangladesh

Vol. 38, Issue No. 25, 21 Jun, 2003
Aldas Janaiah, Mahabub Hossain, Muazzam Husain

The government of Bangladesh permitted four private seed companies to import seeds of rice hybrids for the 1998-99 boro season to make up the shortage of rice seeds after the floods in the 1998 aman (monsoon season rice) season, since there were no locally bred rice hybrids This paper primarily evaluates the farm-level performance of imported rice hybrids, based on representative sample farmers who grew hybrids during the 1999 boro season. The study findings support the view that hybrids were introduced in Bangladesh without a clear deployment strategy and without scientific evaluation of new rice hybrids under farmers' conditions before importing seeds.

Profitability of Hybrid Rice Cultivation

Vol. 38, Issue No. 25, 21 Jun, 2003
Aldas Janaiah, M V Srinivasa Gowda, P G Chengappa

Hybrid rice cultivation has not increased significantly in Karnataka since the introduction of hybrids in the state in the mid-1990s. This study focuses on the profitability aspects of hybrid rice cultivation based on farmers' experiences during the 2000-01 crop year. Hybrid rice was found to be higher yielding but less profitable than existing high-yielding varieties. The paper provides reasons for lower profitability and explains the constraints in hybrid rice expansion based on farm-level data.

Hybrid Rice Cultivation in the Philippines

Vol. 38, Issue No. 25, 21 Jun, 2003
Aldas Janaiah, Cheryll B Casiwan, Ellaine Cabrera, Josephine Narciso, Mahabub Hossain, Sergio R Francisco

The development and promotion of hybrid rice is a strategy being pursued by the government to attain self-sufficiency in rice supplies and improve farmers' welfare. On-farm experiments have shown significant yield advantage of hybrid rice over the best-inbred rice varieties. The government launched a special hybrid rice promotion programme during 1999-2000 and has been providing subsidy on seeds as a special incentive to farmers. The private sector, including a Chinese company is also actively involved in research and seed production. But the adoption of hybrid rice is still at a low level. This paper provides some insights into the constraints to expansion of hybrid rice technology.

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