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Intimate Partner Violence
Unless India acts on all important causes, including intimate partner violence, that are hindering improvements in reproductive, maternal, and child health outcomes, the sustainable development goals related to health will remain difficult to achieve. Using the National Family Health Survey 2015–16, it is found that intimate partner violence has adverse impacts on the pregnancy outcomes, maternal and newborns’ health, and related healthcare access.
Violence as a determinant of health is a relatively less discussed issue, although it has a significant bearing on morbidity and mortality worldwide. The attainment of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of health will remain difficult unless all forms of violence, especially against women, are eradicated. The terms—violence against women, intimate partner violence (IPV), spousal violence and domestic abuse—are often used interchangeably, and have minimal difference in what they imply (Ahmad and Jaleel 2015). In true sense, all forms of violence are interrelated and affect women, even
before their birth and until their death (Dive 2011; Watts and Zimmerman 2002). The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, 1993 provided a consensus definition of violence against women as
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