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Nagaland's Demographic Somersault
After two decades of very high growth, Nagaland's population declined between 2001 and 2011 though there were no epidemical diseases, wars, famines, natural calamities, political disturbances, or any significant changes in the state's socio-economic characteristics. This decline is unprecedented in the history of independent India. It has been shown that the census estimates of the state's population for 1981-2001 are internally inconsistent. In the light of this, this paper uses information from the Sample Registration System and National Family Health Surveys to examine the reliability of the census figures in Nagaland between 1971 and 2011. It suggests that the census estimates are inconsistent with these sources of information.
The authors are grateful to an anonymous referee for comments, to Bina Agarwal, Malini Bhattacharjee, R N Chhipa, Vikram Dayal, Kunal Ghosh, Chandan Gowda, Sanjoy Hazarika, Sabyasachi Kar, Savi Liegise, Rev T Lunkim, Khaijamang Mate, Arup Mitra, Visakono Sakhrie, Theja Therieh, Toshi Wungtung, and Lungsang Zeliang for helpful discussions, and to the Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi, and Azim Premji University, Bangalore, for institutional support. This paper has also benefi ted from presentations at the Centre for Development of North Eastern Region (IIM Shillong), Azim Premji University, and the Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi. The usual disclaimers apply.
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