This paper was written as part of the research programme "Provincial Globalisation: The Impact of Reverse Transnational Flows in India's Regional Towns", a collaboration between the Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and the National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, funded by the WOTRO Science for Global Development programme of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientifi c Research. A longer version has appeared as Provincial Globalisation Working Paper No 4 (Bangalore: NIAS and AISSR, 2012, available at www.provglo.org). The authors acknowledge the contributions of Anant Maringanti to the development of the ideas presented here, and thank the other Provincial Globalisation team members for their inputs and Peggy Levitt and A R Vasavi for their advice. However, they are solely responsible for any errors or lacunae that remain. Carol Upadhya (carol.upadhya@gmail.com) is with the School of Social Sciences, National Institute of Advanced Studies Bangalore. Mario Rutten (M.A.F.Rutten@uva.nl) is with the Amsterdam School for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam. The relationship between migration and development is a key area in research and policymaking. The contributions of international migrants to their home countries in the form of remittances, investments, and philanthropic donations are widely regarded as an important development resource. This paper reviews the migration and development debate and the current state of knowledge about flows of migrant resources to India and argues that tracing transnational connections and flows at the regional level will provide a more nuanced understanding of their social and economic implications.