Indian Summer Aparna Viswanathan The debate over pesticide use in India has been framed in a false dichotomy: prevention of human and environmental pesticide poisoning versus increased foodgrain production and control of insect-borne diseases. However, analysis of the effects of pesticides reveals that increasing pesticide use does not boost foodgrain production over the long term but, instead, has led to a resurgence of both target and secondary pests.