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tractual arrangement with a Chinese construction firm. In this case, the foreign company subcontracts part of the construction work to the Chinese enterprise which in turn, is responsible for the supervision and management of its overseas workforce. For instance, China Construction and Engineering Company (CCEC) and its Hong Kong subsidiary Overseas Building Company has a workforce of 80,000 workers. CCEC is involved in industrial and infrastructural construction projects in the Middle East. In 1980. CCEC signed an agreement with the Emirates-Sudan Investment Co (ESIC) which is a 50-50 joint venture between Sudan and the United Arab Emirates (Richard Breeze, "Cracking the Mid- East Market", Far Eastern Economic Review, June 27, 1980).