This paper examines the educational and science policies of India to understand some of the reasons for women's exclusion. Examining women?s access to higher education, it discusses the impact of current socio-economic and political realities on women's participation in science education and research. Not only is there a disjuncture between professed policy statements and prevailing ground realities, certain assumptions about class, caste or gender operate here unquestioned. The resultant anomalies have created a major gap in women's access to education and they are likely to increase, which has implications not only for gender equity, but also for the future of theoretical research in the country.