The Development of Capitalism in Africa by John Sender and Sheila Smith; Methuen, London and New York, 1986. THIS book examines the development process in Africa in the preand post-colonial period, and is a region-specific analysis drawing upon Bill Warren's study critical of the dependency school, "Imperialism: Pioneer of Capitalism" (New Left Books, 1980, with an introduction by John Sender). It argues that imperialism in Africa, both in the preand post-independence period, has given an impetus to the development of the forces of production and the formation of capitalist social relations.