ISSN (Print) - 0012-9976 | ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846

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Medical Devices Manufacturing Industry

Not much is widely known about the market size and dynamics of the Indian medical devices industry. The size of the market for medical devices and equipment in India and its dependence on import is estimated. The market size of medical devices and equipment has been estimated for the period from 2010–11 to 2013–14, which was found to have accelerated from $2.7 billion to $4 billion, while imports served 70% of the total domestic needs in 2013–14. The share of medical devices-based diagnosis in households’ out-of-pocket expenditure on health has increased from 2.2% in 1993–94 to 7.6% in 2011–12. Regulatory mechanisms must be put in place to bring all key medical equipment under price control in order to drive down prices.

Publicly-Financed Health Insurance Schemes

Furthering the debates on the impact assessment of publicly-financed health schemes, a response to two issues raised by Sukumar Vellakkal and Shah Ebrahim (EPW, 5 January 2013).

Draft Drug Price Policy 2011

Pursuing its neo-liberal agenda of decontrol and liberalisation, the present government is planning to move towards market-based pricing from the current cost-plus-based pricing mechanism for drugs under price control. By refusing to include fi xed dose combinations of essential medicines, sticking only to dosages and strengths involving essential drugs and leaving out "me too" drugs in similar therapeutic classes, the government is designing escape routes for companies to wriggle out of the price control mechanism.

Publicly-Financed Health Insurance Schemes

A reply to T R Dilip's assertion (EPW, 5 May 2012) that Sakthivel Selvaraj and Anup K Karan (EPW, 17 March 2012) arrived at unacceptable conclusions due to methodological fl aws with regard to assessing the effectiveness of publicly-fi nanced health insurance schemes.

Why Publicly-Financed Health Insurance Schemes Are Ineffective in Providing Financial Risk Protection

This paper provides early and robust evidence on the impact of publicly-financed health insurance schemes on financial risk protection in India's health sector. It conclusively demonstrates that the poorer sections of households in intervention districts of the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna , Rajiv Aarogyasri of Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu Health Insurance schemes experienced a rise in real per capita healthcare expenditure, particularly on hospitalisation, and an increase in catastrophic headcount - conclusive proof that RSBY and other state government-based interventions failed to provide financial risk protection. Therefore, the policy that is needed would aim to achieve universal health coverage of the population, moving away from the current trend of piecemeal, fragmented approaches, to providing a thrust for primary health care.

Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy: A Critique

The recently announced draft National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy 2011 fails to ensure accessible and affordable medicines for all in India. This is due to the limited scope and market-based approach it offers to price control. Among other measures, policy should fix ceiling prices based on lowest priced alternatives instead of high-priced top sellers, aim to revive pharmaceutical public sector undertakings, and expand the current National List of Essential Medicines. Most importantly, pharmaceuticals must be brought under the remit of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to allow better coordination for public health interests.

Deepening Health Insecurity in India: Evidence from National Sample Surveys since 1980s

Drawing on evidence from the past morbidity and health surveys (1986-87 to 2004) and consumer expenditure surveys (1993-94 to 2004-05) of the National Sample Survey Organisation, this paper argues that public provisions of healthcare in India has dwindled to new lows. Outpatient and hospitalisation care in India in the past 20 years has declined drastically, leading to the emergence of private care players in a predominant way. While healthcare costs have shot up manifold in private provisioning, government health facilities are increasingly compelling patients to look for private outlets for procuring drugs and diagnostics. Due to these developments, millions of households are incurring catastrophic payments and are being pushed below poverty lines every year.

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