of their conditions. On the other hand, the newly emerged owner-cultivators, too, are highly organised and politicised, unlike the traditional landlords. The crystallisation of these oppositional forces inevitably gives birth to the formation of interest groups and associations championing their causes. But these broad categories are not internally homogeneous, given the elongated agrarian hierarchy and the elaborate divi- sion of labour in agriculture. This situation led to the proliferation of various agrarian associations, each of which bargained for the betterment of the category it represented. Thus, an indirect but important consequence of 'movement militancy' was the wider participation of the people in the implementation processes relating to agrarian legislations.