Articles by Kishor C Samal

Study of a Tribal Block in Orissa.
Kishor C Samal Chronic poverty and hunger remain serious problems in spite of economic growth. There are many approaches to the problem of chronic poverty in developing countries. India has implemented various poverty alleviation programmes. A study of these programmes in a tribal block in the state of Orissa shows that empowerment through local democracy, land reform and education along with better credit delivery and growth of the rural non-farm sector are necessary to help the poorest of the poor DEVELOPMENT at the" aggregate level offers little relief to the poor. Growth is not enough to eliminate 'chronic' poverty and hunger. Public action is needed to eliminate of starvation. For eliminating chronic hunger and poverty' two broad strategies growth- mediated security and support-led security have been followed which have the common feature of marshalling public action [Dreze and Sen 1989], A combination of two the strategies is desirable. It is important to distinguish between 'transient' poverty due to natural calamities, etc, and 'chronic' poverty which implies starvation and malnutrition and even death [Ravallion 1992].

I READ with interest the paper by Kaladhar (EPW, September 28, 1996). He has raised various interesting issues such as (i) project approach to lending, (ii) financial services from the perspective of rural poor, (iii) approach to delivery of financial services by informal sector, and (iv) successful rural financial institutions (RFls) in other developing countries. This note intends to supplement some of the issues raised by Kaladhar.