Articles by K Narayanan Nair

Case Study of Cardamom Hills in Kerala P Sivanandan D Narayana K Narayanan Nair The Cardamom Hills Reserve in the evergreen forests in the High Ranges of Kerala has been heavily denuded and put under crops unsuitable for the area. Not only has this resulted in a decline in soil fertility and productivity, but it has had a deleterious effect on cardamom cultivation as well.

the poor, then the appropriate performance index would be not just th- head-count ratio but the Sen-index.
VII Conclusions It has been shown that the revised population estimates which incorporate the results of the 1981 census corrected for under-enumeration, would lead to an estimated 334 million poor in 1981-82 under the assumption of distributional neutrality of growth where growth in per capita expenditure (PCE) is inclusive of the additional consumption generated by IRDP. A netting out of additional consumption generated by IRDP pushes up this figure to 340 million (Table 5, line 4)'. If we subs tract from this, 11 million people who could plausibly have been pushed above the poverty line by IRDP the estimated incidence of poverty in 1981-82 would be 46.50 per cent or 329 million poor instead of 41.50 per cent or 282 million poor. It must be stressed that even this estimate of the poor assumes at the very minimum that the groups which are deemed to have been pushed up by growth did experi ence the average growth rate in their PCEs. If even this assumption does not hold, .is is likely in the urban case, the number of urban poor and hence the total ' (rural plus urban) poverty population would be higher.

Milk production in south Asian countries has been Raining increasing importance in recent years, as is evident from the substantial rise in the scale of investment in dairying and the changing technology of dairy production. To aid this development effort, there has been large-scale import of capital and technology from the developed countries and the international lending institutions.

Studies on India's Cattle Economy K Narayanan Nair The Cattle Economy of India by V M Dandekar; Indian Secular Society, Pune, 1980; pp 79, Rs 12.

Operation Flood: Some Constraints and Implications K Narayanan Nair SURENDRA SINGH'S article on the Operation Flood II makes interesting reading.1 The main thrust of his paper is that there is shortage of feeds and fodder in India and that it will get worsened in the OF II period (1978- 85) with the increase in numbers of crossbreed milch cattle. And the land requirement for meeting the feed and fodder deficits are exceedingly large and it will increase at a rapid rate in the OF II period, The worsening of shortage of feeds and fodder will hit the small producers the hardest and therefore the prospects of their being able to derive benefits from this pro- ject also will be very bleak. It is further argued that, as in the case of high yielding varieties of crops, the new technology of milk production will be confined mostly to the highly irrigated and agriculturally prosperous regions in the country. This comment is intended to point out some of the limitations of Surendra Singh's paper, especially his estimates of feeds and fodder, and highlights the implications of the shortage of animal feeds for the success of the Operation Flood Project. Besides we will also examine the implications of the large-scale investment in the dairy sector which is expected to be a major instrument for providing employment and income for the weaker sections of the rural households.