ISSN (Print) - 0012-9976 | ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846

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Paddy Yields in Pre-industrial South India

This paper assembles data on per hectare paddy yields in South India from the 10th to 19th century and notes the existence of very high paddy yields during this period. The methodology used to arrive at the estimates is specified step-by-step and in detail, and the difficulties in making these estimates are indicated as well. This allows other scholars to rework the data and arrive at alternate estimates using different assumptions to those used here. It may also serve to stimulate further interest and initiate more work on this subject.

Gujarat Riots

In "Communal Riots in Gujarat: Examining State Power and Production of Marginality in the Attempt to Constitute the Past" (EPW, 19 December 2015) Pooja Bakshi seems to have had access to the raw data and has reclassified the responses to draw some conclusions about perceptions of Hindu versus Muslim respondents as a proxy for general Gujarati Hindu and Muslim views. Her treatment of the data raises serious analytical issues. Keeping the methodological infirmities in view, this response examines the strong conclusions derived by Bakshi and suggests that the same data can have alternate explanations, albeit of a more modest and tentative nature as befits the data itself.

Not Hindu Views

Ajay Gudavarthy (“Muslims of Telangana: A Ground Report”, EPW Web Exclusives, 26 April  2014) says that the “purposive sampling method was used” in his survey of Muslims in three of the 10 districts of Telangana.

Hyderabad's Revenues

One of the most contentious issues in the formation of Telangana has been the question of Hyderabad's revenues and how much of Andhra Pradesh's total they represent. Some reports claim that Hyderabad contributes a mind-boggling 74% of the state's total revenues. This has been central to the demand for a special status to Hyderabad and allowing a share of its revenues to the residual state. This article sets the record straight and identifi es the source of the confusion.

Untangling Telangana

Fears in Andhra Pradesh over the sharing of Krishna and Godavari waters, government jobs, personal safety, state assets and liabilities, and Article 371 (D) are for the most part not based on an awareness of the steps that can be taken to allay them. The ‘real’ conflict is over the way the division of the state and the position of Hyderabad will affect the power bases of the state’s two ruling castes, the Reddys and Kammas. The people, who only need peace and development, could do without this.

Hyderabad Revenues and Costs

G Gangadhara Rao’s “Hyderabad and the Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh” (EPW, 19 October 2013) presents interesting data on the implications of the creation of Telangana for the revenues of the new Andhra Pradesh (AP). The problem is that the data is published district-wise.

Reddys, Kammas and Telangana

Reddy-Kamma rivalry has defined politics in Andhra Pradesh in both the Congress Party and the Telugu Desam Party. The two communities used a pliant Telangana vote bank in their battles, but this option is now no longer available to them. Should that come in the way of the formation of a state of Telangana?

Irrigation in Telangana: The Rise and Fall of Tanks

Agriculture currently produces only 30% of total income in the Telangana region, but it remains the basis for survival of nearly 78% of the population. During the 53-year period, 1956-2009, Telangana lost 2.92 lakh hectares of tank irrigation. Meanwhile, despite the high cost of irrigation - both in capital and operating costs - over the same period the area irrigated by tube wells has grown up. The latter is entirely dependent on the recharge of groundwater and the availability and cost of power. Whatever the future irrigation policy and its implementation, it will need a close ground level, local district and regional governmental efforts in Telangana.

The Historical Context of Andhra and Telangana, 1949-56

This paper sets out the historical context that led to the formation of Andhra Pradesh through a merger of Andhra state with the Telangana region of Hyderabad State. It may be that some reasonably dispassionate history based on recorded texts and academic research will help understand the reasons for past policy decisions that affect current political sentiment in Andhra Pradesh. In many ways the sentiments of the people of Telangana are no different than those of the former Andhra state who fought so long and hard to separate their region from the Tamil-dominated Madras Province. Yet the same political elite which fought for an Andhra state and, then for Andhra Pradesh, seemed not to have learnt that it is not fair or sensible to "do unto others what you do not wish done unto you". It may be too late to learn that lesson now.

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