Labour-intensive Construction Methods and Unemployment World Bank Study on Substitution of Labour and Equipment in Civil Construction Claes Croner The World Bank's "Study of Substitution Possibilities between Labour and Equipment in Civil Construction" is in the neo-classical tradition which views unemployment as a price problem. Prevailing relative prices do not adequately reflect relative scarcities of capital and labour; wages or the cost of labour are too high to permit full utilisation of this abundant factor of production.
