Articles by Baldev Raj Nayar

Economic globalisation has made tremendous strides in recent decades as evidenced in the huge expansion in world exports, vast FDI flows and transnationalisation of production, among other factors. The first wave of globalisation was witnessed on a massive scale in the 19th century. However, there are several parameters distinctive to the contemporary process of globalisation, making it the kind of deep integration that was not seen in the previous period.

Baldev Raj Nayar In discussing the response of Indian business to the economic reforms, this paper presents (i) a general overview of the changing business response over the period since the initiation of the reforms; (ii) an analytical exploration of the factors underlying the particular pattern of business response: and (Hi) a review of the overall strategy of business to cope with the challenge presented by the reforms.

Aviation Bilateralism Case of India Baldev Raj Nayar The international aviation regime based on bilateralism and reciprocity between states has provided a normative umbrella to third world airlines, under which at least in theory, the interests of these airlines were protected on the basis of fair and equal opportunity. Even under such a regime the third world airlines have performed dismally in terms of market share and profits.

OVER the years, as a result of a clash of roles between the United States as a superpower and India as a middle power, a structure of alignment had developed by the mid-70s whereby the US was linked with China, Pakistan and Iran, while India was linked with the Soviet Union. 1 Although surface appearances are often deceptive, this structure of alignment seemed to have acquired a frozen quality, with the different partners apparently locked into somewhat rigid positions. Then in mid-March 1977 a momentous event occurred in India, resulting in a massive defeat for Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the ruling Congress party by the Janata party consisting of a leadership that she had put in jail prior to the elections.

A History of the Sikhs, Volume 2: 1839-1964 by Khushwant Singh; Princeton University Press; 395 pp, Rs 75.
THIS two-volume work of the noted man of letters, Khushwant Singh, constitutes an outstanding survey of Sikh history. It is a work of tremendous industry and diligence, and provides a comprehensive and eminently read- able account of the history of the Sikhs "from their inception to the present day". Supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the publication is based on research in archives and libraries on the Indian subcontinent as well as in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. The author has drawn heavily on original sources not only in English but also in Gurmukhi and Persian. He has also effectively utilised information obtained in personal contacts with Sikh leaders and groups in India and abroad.