Articles by B L Maheshwari

B L Maheshwari Management by Objectives: A System of Managerial Leadership by George S Odiorne, Pitman, New
How to Manage by Results by Dale D MoConkey, American Management Association, New York, 1965. Beyond Management by Objectives by J D Batten, American Management Association, New York, 1966. Improving Business Results by John W Humble, Management Centre Europe, Brussels, 1967.

Patterns of African, Development: Five Comparisons, edited by Herbert J Spiro; Prentice-Hail, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1967.
SINCE the Second World War. as more and more former colonies have attained independence and as the problems of their survival and growth have come to the forefront, the social sciences have demonstrated an increasingly strong interest in the study of their problems. A whole new field of development studies has thus emerged. Initially the focus of these studios was on economic development, partly because economic activity is more easily measurable and partly because there is greater familiarity with the processes and goals of economic development. In recent years, however, attention has shifted to the study of what is fro- qucntly termed "political development of the developing areas". An impressive literature has been produced on this. Besides competent studies of individual countries and regions, sustained efforts are being made to construct a theory of political development. While the significance of this growing literature cannot be denied there is still confusion as to the basic approach to the subject. There is as yet no agreement on the meaning of basic terms, including "political development", and no agreed standards for evaluation. Such agreement is important because at least some of these writings are likely to influence the course of development of these countries.

The Role of the Intellectual B L Maheshwari FROM the days of Plato's philosopher king, the role of the intellectual in politics has been a subject of inconclusive debate among intellectuals. The questions often discussed are: should men of ideas also try to become men of action? should they climb down from their classical ivory-towers to jump into the fray of political competition to achieve the social objectives they consider desirable for their country, their times and mankind? is there any incongruence between the intellectual's vocation and involvement in politics? is the intellectual incompetent to shoulder the responsibilities and burdens of political struggle and political power because of his training and temperament? Indian mythology asserts that Saraswati, the goddess of learning, and Laksbmi, the goddess of wealth, cannot make their abode in the same place. Will the goddess of learning find con' genial company with the god of power? These are fascinating questions and any discussion of them is bound to be of immense interest to both intellectuals and politicians as well as to all those who are involved in or affected by the activities of these two groups (which includes just about everybody).