ISSN (Print) - 0012-9976 | ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846

Articles by Anuradha M ChenoySubscribe to Anuradha M Chenoy

The Russian Offensive, Unravelling of Ukraine, and Geopolitics

The terrible impact of the Russia–Ukraine proxy war on the people of Ukraine and its decimation are of little concern to global elites. The war is increasing militarisation, cutting into human security, damaging the environ­ment, and increasing food insecurity. The drive for dominance and hegemony holds our planet hostage, while the real issues of people and planet remain on the brink of multiple catastrophes.

 

Geopolitics Drives the New US Economic and Industrial Strategy

The “New Washington Consensus” is not really new as the greatly magnified role and influence of the huge transnational corporations, especially the military–industrial complex that drives both the economics and foreign policy of the United States, remains untouched. Further, there is no consensus on its anti-China thrust either as the majority of countries searching for strategic autonomy, including many of the US’s own allies, would not risk breaking economic relations with China.

The Changing Geostrategic Landscape

The Chinese-mediated agreement between the two West Asian rivals, Iran and Saudi Arabia, on 10 March, will re-establish diplomatic relations between the two countries after a seven-year period of cold hostility. This agreement and Chinese mediation methodology change the regional strategic landscape in historic ways.

The Multipolar Global Political Economy

Global trends indicate that the geopolitical transition towards a multipolar international system is matched by a growing diversifi cation of the global political economy. The desire for a unipolar order from hegemonic powers accompanied by force, interventions and hybrid wars will not reverse this trend, though there can be some upsets, with specifi c countries switching to become satellites of unipolar great powers.

Russia–Ukraine War and the Changing World Order

Geopolitical consequences in the aftermath of Russian agression against Ukraine have once again underscored that there is no alternative to common and collaborative security which is inclusive. The double standards in implementing human rights and se­lective wars of aggression on smaller states by great powers have led to a del­egitimisation of multilateral institutions and a world that is insecure for all.

 

Ukraine's Conflict and Resolution

The West - the European Union and the United States - has shown no qualms in supporting a coup led by ultranationalists to achieve geopolitical aims in Ukraine. The Russian actions in the semi-autonomous region of Crimea may be illegal de jure, but seem driven by the need to counter the West's influence in the country's "near abroad". As things stand, the events portend to a far from ideal conclusion to the Ukrainian crisis.

Accounts of the Russian Transition

Conversations on Russia: Reform from Yeltsin to Putin by Padma Desai; Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007; pp xv + 383, Rs 595.

India's Foreign Policy Shifts and the Calculus of Power

India's foreign policy is witnessing dramatic shifts. The traditional practice of non-alignment and the multipolar concept are being replaced by new agreements that will lead to military alignments with the United States. India is moving away from the large formations of the non-aligned movement to smaller alliances like the India-Brazil-South Africa alliance. This would completely shift the strategic environment of the south Asian region and have a global impact. The Indo-US Defence Framework and the 123 Agreements are steps in this direction. These agreements curb India's independent foreign policy and entail increased militarisation, greater threat perceptions and instability.

Islam, Women and Identity in Contemporary Central Asia

Contemporary Central Asia Anuradha M Chenoy Does independence from the Soviet Union and transition to market economy entail a loss of opportunities for Central Asian Muslim women?

Russia Change with Continuity

behind the procedure presently followed by the RBI could be that once the bill is re- discounted, the RBI becomes 'holder in due course' and in the process of rediscounting it has stepped into the shoes of the original holder. RBI offers a sort of refinancing facility earlier extended by the banks to their constituents. As such the 'prior party' to a negotiable instrument is liable to the ' holder in due course1. Of net bank credit to the government and deficit financing, the author's impression that one rupee coins (central government currency) are not considered in the measurement and computation of net RBI credit to government is incorrect (see p 30 of Report of Money Supply Working Group). A portion of government currency (i e, small coins) to the extent to which it is held outside RBI, is, however, not included in RBI credit as the small coins are distributed through small coin depots in exchange transactions and their issue to the public directly does not constitute 'deficit financing'. In exchange transaction the level of currency does not undergo any change but only the composition. The need for making a distinction between 'old' issues and 'current' issues of government securities to arrive at the current year's deficit financing as measured by RBI credit to government, as suggested by the author, was never in question but perhaps the RBI could not give effect to it in the monetary statistics compiled by it because of difficulty in making such a fine distinction at the operational level. The findings of the penultimate chapter on interaction of the determinants of money stock are the same as those thrown up by earlier studies, such as a decline in the influence of the money multiplier because of significant rise in reserve requirement and concomitant increase in the contribution of reserve money to change in money supply, etc. The author concludes the book on an optimistic note that the role of the multiplier is likely to increase in future considerably because the currency ratio might fall due to the popularity of alternative financial assets. Will his expectation materialise, given, on the one hand, the huge size of black money, the growth of which is relentlessly encouraged by the kind of social structure and widespread political and bureaucratic corruption, and dis- intermediation on the other. The author has endeavoured to add value to his book by incorporating 27 appendices containing statistical data. The tables have not been coherently and thematically presented. Some are irrelevant, e g. Tables X and XI. and are not referred to in the text. The period coverage of statistics on different dimensions is not uniform. A few individual years are left blank in many tables. The veracity of the data presented in Table XXV is suspected as figures do not tally with those given in official publications such as the Report on Currency and Finance and the RBI Bulletin. In short no attention has been paid to neat and accurate presentation of authentic data.

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