| | This essay interprets the rise and
fall of the bilingual intellectual in
modern India. Making a
distinction between functional
and emotional bilingualism, it
argues that Indian thinkers,
writers and activists of earlier
generations were often
intellectually active in more than
one language. Now, however,
there is an increasing separation
of discourses – between those
who operate exclusively in
English and those who operate in
the language of the state alone.
The decline of the bilingual
intellectual is a product of many
factors, among them public policy,
elite preference, new patterns of
marriage, and economic change.
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